Riveted metal-work.



A. P. RIETZEL.

RIVETED METAL WORK. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1s, 1909.

1,082,767, Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

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gwen/boi SeL -Adolph Rie VUNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEToE.

ADOLPH F. RIETZEL, 0F CHARLESTOWN,

RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO UNIVERSAL ELECTRIC WELDING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

BI'VETED METAL-WORK.

specification of Letters Patent.

Application led September 16, 1909. Serial No. 517,972.

To all whomc't may concern 'Be it known that I, ADOLPH F. RIETzEn, a citizen of the United States, and ares1 dent of Charlestown inthe county of WashT ingt-on and State of Rhode Island, have 1nvented certain new and useful Improvements in Riveted Metal-Work, of which the following is a specification. v

My invention relates to a novel method of fastening two pieces of metal together and which process I term an electric riveting method or process because it is analogous to ordinary processes of riveting in that 1t employs a blank or piece of metal which fastens two otherpieces together.

My invention is further analogous to riveting processes in that, if desired,`one o f the pieces'to be united may be provided with a perforation of proper size or form to permit the rivet blank to be inserted through it from the back and into engagement with or proper relation to the opposite piece, althoughy as will be seen from the subjoined description, it is not necessary in carrying out my invention to insert the separate piece, which, for convenience of description, I term the rivet blank, through either piece.

vMy invention is distinguished from ordinary processes of riveting among other things by the fact that the blank or separate piece need not be headed or provided with a head at either or both ends to engage the exterior of one or bot-h pieces to be united, and bythe fact that said blank or separatepiece may be electrically welded to either or both of said pieces instead of being engaged therewith by a head. The welding of the blank to either or both of said pieces is efected by partially entering the end of the blank into the material ofthe piece, which is conveniently effected by providing the material with a hole into which the end f the blank may enter, but in such manner as to firmly engage the material by an initial welding contact which is serviceable in formin the welded union upon the application o? the heating current and pressure, as hereinafter described and shown in the drawings.

In practising the invention, it will be found convenient to insert the rivet blankl Fig. 1.

ried out either by bringing the rivet blank into welding engagement with both pieces, by partially `enterin it in the material of both pieces at proper y formed holes in their meeting surfaces and then applying the .welding pressure and current, or by welding 1t in a ole in one of said pieces by its shank and letting its head engage with the outer surface of the opposite pieces, the shank be ing welded or not, as desired, to the latter piece..

My invention consists in the novel process of uniting two pieces of metal by a method which for convenience of description I1des\ ignate as a riveting process and which is hereinafter more particularlyv described and then specified in the claiins.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l shows in transverse section two pieces to be united and illustrates one of -the forms of blank which may be termed a rivetblank, and one of the ways of preparing the pieces that may be employed in carrying out my invention. Fig. 2 illustrates a completed ,union resulting from the process and carried rivet blank-of the form shown'in Fig. 3 shows in a similar way to modification in the manner of preout with a Fig. 1 a

' paring the pieces for union and Fig. tsillustrates the product 4of the process when carried out in the manner illustrated in Fig. 3. F igs. 5, 6,7 and 8 illustrate further modifications of my invention.' i

Referring to Fig. 1, the two pieces to be joined together are marked v2, 2', as also in the remaining figures. 3 is the rivet blank by which they are to be joined and 4, 4 indicate the opposite elect-rlc contactand Apressure blocks of an electric welding machine of any desired form by which a heating current may be su'pplied, to be passed through the rivet blank and parts with which it engages. said'machine being of such construction as well known in the art, that pressure may also be applied in the line joining the said two contacts 4, 4.

In the form -of my invention illustrated by Fig-1, the rivet blank 8 is provided with a head on one end preparatory to the assembling of the pieces in -the machine and in the relation shown in the figure. I do not limit `myself however-to such prior preparation of-a head upon the rivet. The shank of the rivet, as will be seen, is of such form that itwill but partially enter the hole in Patented Dec. 30, 1913.`

- become heated and partially fused, and as pressure is applied and the area of heated metal spreads, the rivet is crowded into the hole and becomes welded to the side thereof, the result being the production of a welded union roughly Arepresented in Fig. 2,

wherein the parts which have been heated or 'practically reduced to welding temperature are shown approximately by the cross hatching. In this operation, the bur of metal forced outward or sidewise from the shank of the rivet will usually eect a weld- 1ing of limited extentof the upper plate to the side lof the rivet.

It is not necessary, however, to depend upon a welded union between the shank of the rivet and the plate 2 as the head of the rivet will serve by engagement with the part 2 to hold the same in place. If desired, an enlargement may be provided around the shank of the rivet to-receive metal displaced sidewisebv the` pressure into the space between the meeting surfaces of the plates or pieces 2, 2;

-This enlargement might take the form of a countersink as indicated at 5 in Fig. 3, or it may be provided by having the taper of the shank start within the hole in the piece 2, as indicated in Fig. 5. Or, as indicated in Fig. 6, the hole in the piece 2 ma be of larger diameter than the shank o the rivet clear through the piece 2. The latter form is not however so desirable as the piece 2 will be held less lfirmly against lateral displacement.

The product, when the countersink or enlargement shown in Fig. 3 `is provided, is illustrated in Fig. 4, the parts which are fused and displaced in the operation and involved practically in the welding being illustrated in the same manner asin Fig. 2. Obviously, my invention may be carried out by a welding of the shank of the rivet to both the pieces. This I have illustrated in Fig. 7 where the shank of the yrivet is tapered at both ends,'so as to partially enter both pieces, thereby permitting the welding of the sh'ank by the application of pressure and heating electric current due to the bringing of the parts to welding tem erature by the current and the crowding of t e parts together by the end pressure applied to the rivet.

I have described the rivet as tapered or inclined on its side but obviously the same eli'ect might Abe obtained by tapering the hole into which the shank of the rivet enters and as illustrated in Fig. 8.

I do not limitmyself to any particular form of hole nor to any particular form of rivet blank or manner of causing the same to engage that one of the pieces to which it is welded, although I prefer to weld it in a hole and to so form the hole with relation to the blank as to cause the blank and piece to engage by a limited area of electrical contact and likewise to form holes in one or both pieces such that they will provide a space to receive the heated metal displaced by the application of the pressure.

The relative conformation of rivet and hole to form a limited superficial area of good electrical contact serves thesame purpose, among other things, as the usual pointing of a piece of metal at the end or part by which it is to be electrically welded to another piece, as wellunderstood in the art.

I do not herein claim the blank or welding piece itself hereinbefore described and used in carrying out the process herein claimed, as said blank is claimed per sc in another application for patent filed by me on the 14th day of June, 1913, Serial Number 773,586, as a division of the present application, nor dol claim the process of uniting two plates of metal by a blank inserted and welded in holes in their meeting surfaces, and as illustrated in Fig. 7 nor composite metal work in which the elements are united by a piece so applied and welded, as these are also claimed in said division of the present application.

lVhat I claim as my invention is:

1. The hereindescribed improvement in uniting two pieces of metal by a rivet blank., consisting in arranging the pieces with the blank in a hole in one of said pieces and with its projected end in contact with the other piece and then applying heating current and pressure to the pieces and blank to unite the blank with the latter lpiece by an electrically1 welded union.

2. The hereindescribed method of uniting two pieces of metal, consisting in arranging the pieces in position with a rivet blank located in a hole in one of them and projected into welding engagement with the opposite piece and then applying ressure and heating current and uniting t e blank to both pieces by a welded union.

3. The improved method of uniting two pieces of metal, consisting in partially entering tlie entering end of a blank into a hole in one of the pieces and into engagement therewithl but. with limited superficial area of good electrical contact and applying heating electric current and pressure to squeeze the blank into the hole.

4. The improved method of uniting two sembling the pieces to be united with the blank engaged-in such sidewise contact, passing an electric current through theblank and piece at the 4point of engagement and applying pressure to effect an electric welding of the blank in the hole. A

5. The improved method of uniting two pieces of metal, consisting in providing the two parts vto be united with holes, one of larger diameter than the other, inserting a blank through' the larger hole and partially entering the shank of the blank into the smaller hole and into engagement with thel pieceV provided with said smaller hole, and then 'passing a heatin electric current and applying pressure to e ect a welded union of the blank in the smaller hole, as and for the purpose described.

6. The method of fastening two pieces of metal together consisting in forming thel shank of a blank and the'hole inone of the pieces so as to establish limited superficial area of electrical contact by its side when the blank is partially entered, passing the current through' the rivet and applying pressure to crowd the parts together and cause displacement of heated metal and a welding oflthe shank of the'blank to the sides of the ho e.

7. The method vof uniting two pieces of metal consisting in perforating the two pieces to be united, applying a blank having a shank adapted to pass through one of said pieces but to enter lthe other of said pieces partially only and passing an electric current and vapplying pressure to unite the shank and piece as and for the purpose described.

8. The method of uniting two pieces of metal, consisting in providing the two parts to be united with holes, applying through the hole`in one piece avblanlk having a shank yreduced at its end and adapted to enter the hole in the opposite piece partially only, and passing -an electric current and applying pressure to unite the shank and piece, as and for' the purpose described.v

'9. The method of uniting two pieces of metal together consisting 1n providing a blank having a shank with an inclined side, passing the shank through a perforation in one of said pieces -into engagement by its in-l clined side with the edge of a hole in the other piece, and applying a heating elect-ric current and pressure to crowd the two pieces of metal together and form awelded union between the shank of the blank and the piece into which the shank is-entered.

10. The method of fastening two pieces of metal together'consisting in providlng each piece with a hole at the place of fastening,

partially entering the shank of a separate metal blank connect-ing the two pieces into a hole in one of the pieces, establishing electrical contact between the blank and said piece and then passing an electric current through the parts and crowding them together to weld the shank of the said connect- .ing blank in said hole.

11. The improvement in' fastening` two pieces of metal together consisting in providing one of said pieces with a count-ersink around a hole on the meeting side of the vplate or piece, inserting a blank through a hole i'n one piece and bringing the blank into engagement by a limited superficial area of contact with vthe edges of a hole in the opposite piece and then applying electric current and pressure as and for the purposedescribed.

12. The improved method of uniting two pieces of metal by a metal blank consisting in providing a space around the blank at the meeting faces of the two pieces to be united, causing the blank to engage by an area of limited superficial contact with the edges of a hole in one of said pieces and applying pressure to effect an electric welding of the blank to the pieces.

13. The improved method of fastening two pieces `of metal together, consisting in providing one of said pleces with a perforation adapted to receive a blank, engaging said blank with the opposite one of the pieces to be united and applying electric current and pressure to weld said blank to said opposite piece.

14. The improved method of fastening two pieces of metal together, consisting in inserting a blank from the back of one piece through a hole therein and into firm initial welding engagement with the other piece, then applying heating vcurrentand pressure to weld the blank to the latter piece.

15. The method of fastening two pieces of metal together, consisting in passing ablank through a hole in one of them and with its end partially entered in the oppositespiece, but in welding engagement therewith, and applying heating current. and pressure to fasten the rivet blank and said piece to-l gether. v y 16. The herein described method of fasten- -ing two pieces of metal together by a welded blank, consisting in locating the blank in a hole in one piece and in welding abutment by its end with the oppositeI piece, then applying pressure and heating electric current to weld the abutted end to said opposite piece .and to weld the blank in the hole in which it is inserted. v

17. The herein described'method of fasten` ing two pieces of metal together by a blank welded in place between them, consisting in assembling the plates or pieces with the blank abutted by its end in welding engage- Y www? lmen Wish. one piece and Within a hole in the other piece5 then appyng pressure to Weld 10 other piece m appyng pressure and electhe blank to both o said. pieces.

tro current to eoc'. the Welding of the Signed at Lyum in. the county of Essex' blank by its abutteo' and with' one piece anf sind State of M9.ssaL-chusetts5 this 10th day of 5 /by its sides in the hoo in, the other piece. Sptembers A. D, 1909,

iii The improved method of fastening ADOLPH. E RIETZEL two peoos of metal @gotham consisting in. Witnesses: inserting o,y blank in a hole. in one of saic JAMES E, DEnom-Jg pieces am. 'in Welding abut-ment with the ERNEST G'. IihTGI-IELL. 

